Quarterdeck

All 8 parts, explained

1. 1. The captain

   The captain is in charge of the whole ship and everyone on board. He watches the sea and the sails from the quarterdeck.

   Fun fact Only the captain and officers were usually allowed to walk on the quarterdeck.

2. 2. Navigating officer

   The navigating officer, called the master, works out where the ship is and which way to sail, using charts and instruments.

   Fun fact He used a sextant to measure the height of the sun at noon and work out how far north or south the ship was.

3. 3. Navigation instruments

   On the chart table are a compass, dividers for measuring distances, a telescope and a sextant.

   Fun fact Without satellites or maps on screens, sailors found their way using the sun, the stars and careful sums.

4. 4. Ship's wheel

   The ship's wheel steers the ship. Ropes run from the wheel down to a long pole called the tiller, which turns the rudder.

   Fun fact In stormy weather, it could take several sailors to hold the wheel steady.

5. 5. Binnacle

   The binnacle is the wooden stand in front of the wheel that holds the compass, so the helmsman can see it while steering.

   Fun fact A small lamp inside the binnacle lit the compass at night.

6. 6. Stern lanterns

   Big lanterns at the back of the ship were lit at night so other ships could see where it was.

   Fun fact The lanterns burned candles or oil behind glass, to keep the flame safe from the wind.

7. 7. Ratlines

   The rope ladders that go up the sides of the masts are called ratlines. Sailors climbed them to reach the sails.

   Fun fact Ratlines are tied across the thick ropes that hold up the masts, called shrouds.

8. 8. Captain's cabin

   Under the quarterdeck, at the very back of the ship, is the captain's cabin.

   Fun fact The captain's steward looked after his cabin, his clothes and his meals.